The Beginner’s Guide to Ebook Formats

With the boom of ebooks, so boomed the ebook file formats. Now a dizzying array of choices makes writers and techies alike wonder which formats to use—if not all of them for good measure. Although possible, it’s not necessary. Once explained, you’ll find that ebook formats are a lot simpler than you expected.

So, here it is—the essential guide to the best ebook file formats. As we go along, I’ll point out the advantages of each format, and you’ll start getting a clearer idea of what each format offers. By the end, you’ll know which one is the best format t for your ebook.

The Basics

Before we delve into the nitty-gritty differences between the different ebook file formats, let’s explain some terms that you may have heard flying around, but were never really sure what they meant. Feel free to skim through them quickly.

Ebooks

Ebooks are any books that can be read on electronic devices, like computers, tablets, phones, etc.

Interactive Ebooks

Some ebooks are just like reading from a paperback—no matter how hard you press on the page, nothing happens. In other ebooks, authors have added content that responds when you press/click on it, and so they’re called interactive ebooks.

The most basic interactive content takes a simple click from the reader:

•  A video that plays,
• An image that zooms in and out, or,
• A link that opens.

And as fun as it is to watch videos inside an ebook, developers have been cooking up more interactive types of content. As a result, ebooks are getting more and more engaging and the possibilities are virtually limitless. So, here are a couple of simple examples:

• 3D models that can be explored, or
• Questions that can be answered in the ebook and are instantly corrected.

Exciting, right? I haven’t even told you about all the compelling kinds of interactive content. Between HTML5 and JavaScript, the sky is the limit, but you don’t have to hire a developer to incorporate highly interactive content. Step in book widgets.

Ebook Widgets and Apps

Book widgets are like little apps that you can add to your ebook. These apps are pushing the boundaries of what constitutes a book. They’ve made ebooks live and interactive to the extent that each reading of the ebook is a distinct experience. These widgets can be:

• Games
• Quizzes
• Maps
• Live video streaming
• Social Media (live Tweets or real-time Instagram galleries)

Kotobee has a variety of mini-apps that are useful for different book genres; whether it’s a novel or a second-grade textbook, you will find a mini-app that will transform your ebook, making it much more engaging. For more, check out How to Enrich Your Interactive Ebooks With Kotobee Mini-apps.

Ereaders

An ereader, also called an ebook reader, is an app or a device that people can use to read ebooks. Just like you need a PDF reader to open and read a PDF file, you’ll need an e-reader to open and read ebooks, simple as that. Some e-reader apps open a wide variety of ebook formats. Other ereaders, like Kindle, open only one format.

Ebook Apps

An ebook app is an ebook inside an app. Kotobee ebook apps come with Kotobee Reader built-in. So, anyone can download your ebook and start reading immediately.

Having your ebook inside an app means you can customize the reading environment and can control extra features, like

• Branding
• Google Analytics
• Social Media Sharing
• Text-to-Speech
• Wikipedia/Google searches

There are three different types of ebook apps.

• Web apps, that can be read in any internet browser.
• Desktop apps, that can be downloaded on computers.
• Mobile apps, that can be downloaded on mobile devices, like phones and tablets.

Does that mean you can sell your ebook app on the Appstore or Play Store, just like any other app? Yes! See, how exciting is that? To learn more about ebook apps read How to Turn Your Book into an Ebook App in Minutes

Ebook Libraries

Ebook libraries are apps with several ebooks, plus additional management features, perfect for institutions and writers with a collection of ebooks, etextbooks, or magazines. 

LMS Integration with LTI

This feature allows designated users to track readers’ performance and activities inside the ebooks and to manage access to the ebooks or libraries. The readers are able to log in to the same library or cloud ebook in any format (mobile app, web app, etc.) and access all their annotations. Kotobee provides LMS integration with LTI with Kotobee Cloud and Kotobee Library. To learn more, read Ebook and LMS Integration using LTI.

DRM

The idea of selling your ebook brings up a really important point. How do you keep your ebook from getting pirated and distributed for free online? The answer lies in Digital Rights Management (DRM). Basically, it lets you manage who has the right to access your digital content, in this case, your ebook. To learn more about DRM, read Ebook DRM & Security: What is it and How it Works.

Ebook Layouts

To learn more read Best Ebook Layout Format: Reflowable or Fixed? Briefly here’s what you need to know:

• Fixed Layout lets you design pages and set content exactly as it will appear for your readers, like print books.
• Reflowable Layout automatically resizes and moves content depending on the reader’s screen size (and font size) like web pages.

So, now with all the basic terminology out of the way, let’s roll up our sleeves and get into the messier details.

Ebook File Formats

Before getting into the details of the different formats, please keep the following three questions in mind as you read:

• How interactive do I want my ebook to be?
• Do I need DRM?
• On which devices do I want my readers to be able to read my ebook?

PDF

The simplest and most common format of the lot is the PDF, which scarcely supports interactive media, offering only much less advanced interactive content. While it’s possible to add media, it’s generally not recommended as the file size will end up too large to easily share. DRM is virtually nonexistent as the only real option you have is to put a password on the file. Its advantage, however, lies in its popularity and ease of use. PDF readers are readily available for computers and mobile devices, and most e-reader devices are able to open PDF files. So, if you want to distribute an ebook without interactive content, free for the masses and easy to access, PDFs are the best option for you.

EPUB

The EPUB format has been updated, and the old EPUB2 is finding its way out of the scene as the EPUB3 dominates. At Kotobee Author, we export EPUB3 and encrypted EPUB3 files.

EPUB2

Similar to PDFs, EPUB2 does not support interactive media and content. EPUBs do not inherently have a DRM; however, most ebook stores do. So, if you will be selling your ebook through one of the giants like Barnes & Noble or Kobo, your ebook will be for the most part protected. Unfortunately, DRM cracks for major retailers have been increasing in popularity.

Selling your ebook as an EPUB does not mean you are forced to use any form of DRM.  Some retailers sell ebooks on an honor system, without any DRM; instead, they respectfully ask their customers not to pirate their ebooks.

EPUBs lead ebook market sales, by far. And like PDFs, EPUB readers are readily available for computers and mobile devices, and most e-reader devices (except Kindle) are able to open EPUB files. So, if you want to sell your ebook without interactive content, EPUB2 will get the job done for you.

EPUB3

EPUB3 is the latest EPUB file format. All that was stated above about EPUBs applies to EPUB3, except for one fundamental and colossal difference. EPUB3 supports all levels of interactive content, even book widgets, and apps.

Encrypted EPUB

If you’re using Kotobee Author, and want to limit access to your EPUB3 file, you can export the ebook as an encrypted EPUB for which you set the password. The ebook will only open in Kotobee Reader. Any attempts to open the ebook in other e-readers will fail.

In the export window, simply assign a password in the Encrypted EPUB box, then click Create.

MOBI

MOBI’s distinguishing feature is that it’s the only interactive format Kindle apps and devices will open, which makes it the best format for kindle. They can be opened and read on computers and mobile devices, running the Kindle app, and of course, on Kindle devices. The Amazon DRM is designed to protect your ebook from piracy, and unfortunately, like the EPUB DRM, Amazon’s is increasingly easier and easier to crack. 

As for interactive content, MOBI only supports multimedia files for now. So, if you want your ebook to be available on Kindle, make sure MOBI is on your list of formats.

	PDF	EPUB2	EPUB3	Encrypted EPUB	MOBI
Ereader App	PDF Readers	EPUB Readers	EPUB Readers	EPUB Readers	Kindle
Devices	Computers   Mobile Devices E-readers	Computers   Mobile Devices E-readers	Computers   Mobile Devices E-readers	Computers   Mobile Devices E-readers	Computers   Mobile Devices Kindle
DRM	Password Protected	Provided by Ebook Store	Provided by Ebook Store	Kotobee Encryption	Kindle
Interactive Level	None	None	Advanced	Advanced	Multimedia only
Layout	Fixed	Reflowable	Both	Both	Reflowable

Ebook Apps

All ebook apps provide the same features. They all support the highest level of interactive content, Kotobee DRM (in our case), and the same branding and customization options. The major differences lie in the behind-the-scenes technical stuff that will allow your ebook to be opened in a web browser, on a computer’s desktop, or on a phone or tablet.

	Web App	Desktop App	Mobile Apps
Ereader App	Built-in +   Internet Browser	Built-in	Built-in
Devices	Computers   Mobile Devices	Computers	Mobile Devices
DRM	Kotobee Cloud   or Similar	Kotobee Cloud   or Similar	Kotobee Cloud   or Similar
Interactive Level	Advanced +   Custom Environment	Advanced +   Custom Environment	Advanced +   Custom Environment
LMS Integration	Kotobee Cloud	Kotobee Cloud	Kotobee Cloud
Layout	Both	Both	Both

Web Apps

If you want your books to be read online in internet browsers, then web apps are what you’re looking for. Because they run in the browser, they can be viewed on any computer or mobile device. You will need to have a website to host the web app. If you do not have your own website, don’t worry, because Kotobee provides hosting services.

Desktop Apps

If you want your readers to run your ebook app on their computers, this is the option for you. Kotobee provides desktop apps for iOS, Windows, and Chromebooks. So you can create one ebook and export versions for each of the major operating systems.

Mobile Apps

If you want your ebook app to be downloaded from the Appstore for iPhones, the Play Store for Androids, or the Windows Phone Store, then export mobile apps. Sounds like a big step? Don’t worry, we’ll guide you through when the time comes.

Ebook Libraries

All that applies to ebook apps above also applies to ebook libraries as well. You first create your library, then add ebooks to your library.  You can add books as a whole, or chapter by chapter. Then export your ebook library as web, desktop, and mobile apps.

When to Decide

The final formats of your ebook will determine the kinds and extent of interactive content you can incorporate in your ebook, as well as the layout of the pages. Your ebook creation software will also affect your layout and format options. Most platforms support limited layout options and export formats. Some, like iBooks Author (discontinued in 2020), require you to pick your format and layout style before you begin.  So, you will want to know which format to use before you begin.

If you’re really hesitant, consider using ebook creation software, like Kotobee Author, that allows you to export to multiple formats. Even after you’ve exported a PDF, you can go back into Kotobee Author,  add interactive content, and export it as an EPUB or ebook app.

That said, if there’s a chance you will only export your ebook for Kindle, try to decide early on. You don’t want to add book widgets or Java Scripts only to be forced to exclude them later on or create a design-rich fixed layout that Kindle does not support.

Conclusion

Before you begin creating your ebook or ebook app, spend a little time deciding how you want to distribute your ebook. The marketability and sales potential of your ebook can be drastically affected by the formats you select, not to mention your profit margin. Standard ebook file formats and ebook apps have the potential to serve multiple, yet different, purposes. If you still have any questions, then comment below, and we’ll do our best to help you.

Read these posts.

How to Create an Interactive Ebook: A Step-by-Step Guide

Why You Should Convert Your Ebooks into Audiobooks

7 Free Ways to Promote Your Book